Professional Perspectives on Children's Health Assets: A Delphi Study.

This study aims to describe a local community expert's perspective on the identification of and access to children's health assets and to gather proposals to promote children's health and well-being within their community. The health asset approach is essential for health promotion, and there is evidence of its benefits to individuals' or communities' health when this approach is observed. Children's health assets are gaining increasing interest, but the literature that captures the perception of professionals working with children is scarce. Qualitative research designed with Delphi methodology was carried out with the participation of 25 professionals working in a neighbourhood with children and families. The participants stated that this neighbourhood was a good environment for the healthy and happy growth of children but pointed out that there were inequities. They emphasised the importance of economic and physical security and feeling loved. The absolute best aspects of the neighbourhood according to these experts were its support networks, mutual help, educational and health services, and green spaces, and the most deficient aspects were the possibility of a hopeful future and emotional support within the family unit. Poverty and/or the scarcity of economic resources were identified as the main barriers to accessing health assets. Special difficulties in access to health for migrant and Roma children were also identified. The panel of experts made concrete action proposals. It was recommended to support resources and services that already exist in their community. The experts prioritised work with families, education, working in conjunction with vulnerable groups, community participation, and networking.

Psychological response of pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

OBJECTIVE: In this study we explore anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in women in the process of pregnancy during lockdown due to the SARS CoV-2 pandemic and their relationship with sociodemographic and clinical factors in a tertiary referral level hospital. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in pregnant women at the Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital in Zaragoza (Spain), from April 15, 2020 to May 15, 2020. A total of 168 women was recruited when they went to the hospital for a routine blood test for pregnancy. They answered a sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire, the Spielberg state-trait anxiety questionnaire for anxiety, and a visual analog scale for fear of COVID. RESULTS: Frequency of Trait anxiety was 50.7% (95% CI: 42.7-58.7) and 52.7% (95% CI: 44.7-60.7) for State anxiety. The mean visual analog scale for fear of COVID-19 in relation to pregnancy was 57.2 (95% CI: 52.4-61.8). A positive correlation was found between the scales. Statistically significant differences were found between rural and urban areas. CONCLUSION: The emotional impact of the COVID-19 is high among pregnant women and the levels of anxiety are higher than usual in these groups of women during the pandemic lockdown.

Estudio descriptivo de los efectos de las transfusiones de componentes sanguíneos en un grupo de pacientes con enfermedad terminal / A descriptive study of the effects of blood components transfusions in a group of terminally ill patients

Objetivo: Aproximadamente un 5-18 % de los/as pacientes con enfermedad avanzada reciben transfusiones, bajo criterios de sintomatología y cifras de hemoglobina y hematocrito. El objetivo fue conocer la relación entre las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los/as pacientes y la mejoría subjetiva y objetiva tras haber realizado una transfusión de hemoderivados.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con pacientes ingresados/as en un hospital de tercer nivel que recibieron transfusiones de hemoderivados antes de fallecer por una enfermedad crónica terminal. Se recogieron datos de las historias clínicas.Resultados: Participaron 140 personas, un 54,3 % hombres, de 83 años de edad (mediana), a los que se transfundieron 474 concentrados de hematíes, 168 unidades de plaquetas y 5 unidades de plasma fresco, contabilizando una supervivencia media desde la última transfusión de 20,53 días. El hemograma (cifras de hemoglobina, hematocrito y recuento de leucocitos) mejoró en la analítica postransfusión, excepto el recuento plaquetario. Se encontró relación entre tener 81-90 años con el tipo de componente transfundido (p = 0,017) y entre la patología y el hemoderivado (p < 0,001), destacando la transfusión de hematíes a los/las pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (12,9 %). Se encontró relación entre la fiebre (p = 0,001), la debilidad y cansancio (p = 0,001) y la ortopnea (p = 0,002) para transfundir. La prueba T para muestras relacionadas mostró correlación entre los leucocitos medidos pre y postransfusión.Conclusiones: No se encontró un aumento destacable en la supervivencia, que fue 20,53 días de media tras las transfusiones, en la mejoría subjetiva de la sintomatología señalada por los/as pacientes. Esta situación podría abrir el debate de la legitimidad y relevancia de las transfusiones en pacientes terminales.(AU)

Objective: Approximately 5-18 % of patients with advanced disease receive transfusions according to criteria based on symptoms and on hemoglobin and hematocrit figures. The objective was to determine the relationship between the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients and their subjective and objective improvement after transfusion of blood products.Material and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of patients admitted to a tertiary level hospital who received blood product transfusions before dying of chronic terminal disease. Data were collected from medical records.Results: A total of 140 patients participated, 54.3 % men, 83 years of age (median), who were transfused 474 red blood cell concentrates, 168 units of platelets, and 5 units of fresh plasma, with a mean survival of 20.53 days after their last transfusion. Their hemogram (hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte count) improved in post-transfusion tests, except for platelet count. A relationship was found between being 81-90 years old and the type of component transfused (p = 0.017), as well as between the condition and the blood product (p < 0.001), with a highlight on transfusion of red blood cells to patients with heart failure (12.9 %). A relationship was found between fever (p = 0.001), weakness and tiredness (p = 0.001), and orthopnea (p = 0.002) with transfusion. A t-test for related samples showed correlation between leukocytes measured pre-and post-transfusion.Conclusions: We did not find any remarkable increase in survival, which was 20.53 days on average after transfusion, or in subjective symptom improvement as reported by patients. This situation might open a debate on the legitimacy and relevance of transfusions in terminally ill patients.(AU)

The design and evaluation of a training program on culturally competent psychosocial care provision for men who have sex with men in Senegal.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) experience a high degree of discrimination and marginalization in Senegal. Homophobia is pervasive in Senegalese society at the cultural, religious, and political levels. Its effects are reflected in the disproportionately high levels of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse among men who have sex with men when compared to the general population. Given the widespread stigma and the lack of structural support, healthcare providers play a critical role in reconciling the physical and psychological needs of men who have sex with men. This led to the design of a training program that aimed to improve the capacity of healthcare providers to deliver MSM-competent psychosocial care. The training was delivered virtually to 37 Senegal-based nurses and physicians. The program was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated using pre- and post-testing. The findings demonstrate a general post-training increase in knowledge acquisition (9. 23%, p-value = 0.0021) and a 6.39% reduction in homophobia, which was statistically significant (p = 0.0376); with male providers outperforming female providers, and physicians outperforming nurses. This demonstrates the effectiveness and applicability of the program to support the psychosocial needs of men who have sex with men, and its capacity for future and broader implementation among healthcare providers.

Psychometric Properties of the Sexual Compulsivity Scale in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Spanish Population.

The Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS) has been translated, adapted and validated in general Spanish population, making its application difficult in certain groups, such as men who have sex with men (MSM). This paper evaluates the psychometric properties of the SCS in a sample of MSM in Spain. The SCS was administered to 881 participants. The factorial structure of the SCS was examined with an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Both EFA and CFA confirmed a two-factor structure: (1) Interference of sexual behavior, and (2) Failure to control sexual impulses. Internal consistency was really good for the scale and also for both factors. The SCS also presented adequate psychometric properties. Thus, it is an appropriate measure for assessing sexual compulsivity in MSM, and a tool to be taken into account in future researches to reduce sexual risk behaviors in the MSM Spanish population.

RESUMEN: La Escala de Compulsividad Sexual (SCS) ha sido traducida, adaptada y validada en población general española, siendo difícil su aplicación en determinados colectivos, como los Hombres que tienen Sexo con Hombres (HSH). Este trabajo evalúa las propiedades psicométricas del SCS en una muestra de 881 HSH de España. La estructura factorial del SCS se examinó con un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). Tanto el AFE como el AFC confirmaron una estructura de dos factores: (1) Interferencia del Comportamiento Sexual y (2) Problemas en el Control de los Impulsos Sexuales. La consistencia interna fue muy buena, tanto para la escala como para los dos factores. El SCS también presentó adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. Por tanto, es una herramienta adecuada para evaluar la compulsividad sexual en HSH, y una escala a tener en cuenta en futuras investigaciones para reducir las conductas sexuales de riesgo de HSH en población española.

Analysis of gender perspective in the use of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses: A systematic review.

AIM: To identify, describe and analyse the gender perspective in the use of the diagnoses contained in the NANDA-I taxonomy in observational studies published in the scientific literature. DESIGN AND METHODS: A systematic review has been conducted spanning from 2002 to 2020. The most frequent NANDA-I nursing diagnoses in care plans reported in observational studies, and the defining characteristics and related factors identified for men and women have been described. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA-P) have guided our research. The main findings have been summarized using a descriptive narrative synthesis approach. RESULTS: Forty-one articles were included in our study. With regard to gender analysis, the percentage of men and women that make up the sample were not specified in all articles, and half of the studies did not identify gender either in the diagnosis label or in their defining characteristics or related factors. Based on the reviewed articles, gender perspectives are not systematically incorporated in the use of the NANDA-I diagnosis. Therefore, gender biases in its use in the scientific literature may exist. This situation poses barriers to determine the health responses that are different and unequal between women and men.

Psychological response of pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown / Resposta psicológica de mulheres grávidas durante o lockdown da pandemia de COVID-19 Respuesta psicológica de las mujeres embarazadas durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: In this study we explore anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in women in the process of pregnancy during lockdown due to the SARS CoV-2 pandemic and their relationship with sociodemographic and clinical factors in a tertiary referral level hospital. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in pregnant women at the Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital in Zaragoza (Spain), from April 15, 2020 to May 15, 2020. A total of 168 women was recruited when they went to the hospital for a routine blood test for pregnancy. They answered a sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire, the Spielberg state-trait anxiety questionnaire for anxiety, and a visual analog scale for fear of COVID. Results: Frequency of Trait anxiety was 50.7% (95% CI: 42.7-58.7) and 52.7% (95% CI: 44.7-60.7) for State anxiety. The mean visual analog scale for fear of COVID-19 in relation to pregnancy was 57.2 (95% CI: 52.4-61.8). A positive correlation was found between the scales. Statistically significant differences were found between rural and urban areas. Conclusion: The emotional impact of the COVID-19 is high among pregnant women and the levels of anxiety are higher than usual in these groups of women during the pandemic lockdown.

RESUMEN Objetivo: En este estudio exploramos la ansiedad y el miedo al COVID-19 en mujeres en proceso de embarazo durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de SARS CoV-2 y su relación con factores sociodemográficos y clínicos en un hospital de tercer nivel de referencia. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en mujeres embarazadas en el Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza (España), desde el 15 de abril de 2020 al 15 de mayo de 2020. Se reclutó a un total de 168 mujeres cuando fueron al hospital para un análisis de sangre de rutina para control durante el embarazo. Respondieron un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, el cuestionario de ansiedad estado-rasgo de Spielberg para la ansiedad y una escala visual analógica para el miedo a la COVID. Resultados: La frecuencia de ansiedad rasgo fue del 50,7% (IC 95%: 42,7-58,7) y del 52,7% (IC 95%: 44,7-60,7) para la ansiedad estado. La media de la escala analógica visual de miedo a la COVID-19 en relación al embarazo fue de 57,2 (IC 95%: 52,4-61,8). Se encontró una correlación positiva entre las escalas. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las zonas rurales y urbanas. Conclusión: El impacto emocional de la COVID-19 es alto entre las mujeres embarazadas y los niveles de ansiedad son más altos de lo habitual en estos grupos de mujeres durante el confinamiento pandémico.

Coordinación para el abordaje de la viruela del mono con perspectiva de diversidad afectiva y sexual / Coordination for an affective and sexual diversity approach to monkeypox

En mayo de 2022 se detectaron las primeras cadenas de transmisión de la viruela del mono fuera de los países endémicos. Este brote presenta características clínicas y epidemiológicas diferentes de las observadas en los brotes anteriores, con un mayor impacto en el grupo de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres. El abordaje de brotes epidémicos que conlleva intervenciones sobre comunidades o poblaciones en riesgo de estigmatización resulta un desafío. La independencia y la capacidad profesional de las sociedades científicas permiten adoptar iniciativas para dar respuestas rápidas a este tipo de desafíos. Mediante el trabajo colaborativo y la iniciativa profesional se elaboró un documento orientado a evitar la estigmatización a la vez que se promovían la prevención y el control de la enfermedad. Para su divulgación se emplearon distintos canales y se contó con los agentes de interés. El trabajo en equipo, dentro de las estructuras de participación de una sociedad científica, permite impulsar acciones rápidas basadas en recomendaciones técnicas. (AU)

In May 2022, the first monkeypox transmission chains were detected outside endemic countries. This outbreak presents clinical and epidemiological characteristics different from those observed in previous outbreaks, with a greater impact among the group of men who have sex with other men. The approach of epidemic outbreaks that requires interventions on communities or populations at risk of stigmatization is a major public health challenge. The independence and professional capacity of scientific societies allow to be take initiatives to provide rapid responses to this type of challenges. Through collaborative work and professional initiative, a document was issued aimed at avoiding stigmatization while promoting the prevention and control measures. For its dissemination, different channels were used counting with key partners. Teamwork, within the participation structures of a scientific society, allows to promote rapid public health actions based on technical recommendations. (AU)

Implementación de un protocolo de recomendación formal de activos para la salud en los equipos de atención primaria aragoneses / Implementation of a social prescribing protocol in Aragon's primary care teams

Objetivo: Analizar la implementación de la «Guía de recomendación de activos para la salud en atención primaria Aragón». Diseño: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento: Ciento veintitrés equipos de atención primaria aragoneses. Participantes: Recomendaciones de Activos para la Salud realizadas con el protocolo «Recomendación Activos-AP» de historia clínica electrónica de atención primaria Aragón desde septiembre de 2018 a marzo de 2021. Mediciones principales: Se describieron las variables más relevantes del protocolo: edad, sexo, provincia, sector sanitario, zona básica de salud, problema de salud, aspecto a potenciar, activo para la salud recomendado, tipo de profesional, grado de asistencia, satisfacción y mejoría. Resultados: El protocolo fue utilizado 2.109 veces y se realizaron 1.482 recomendaciones y 428 seguimientos. El uso del protocolo fue aumentando progresivamente hasta marzo de 2020. A 1.431 personas se les realizó una recomendación y a 51 más de una. La edad media de las personas beneficiarias fue de 67,9años. El 74,8% de recomendaciones se dirigieron a mujeres. Diagnósticos relacionados con problemas sociales y psicológicos fueron los más vinculados a recomendaciones, y la esfera física fue el aspecto más potenciado. Los activos más recomendados se vinculaban con actividad física y recursos de promoción de la autonomía personal. Más del 90% de las personas asistieron con regularidad al activo. La satisfacción media fue de 4,8 (0/5) y el grado de mejoría de 4,3 (0/5). Conclusiones: La implementación de recomendación de activos para la salud dentro la Estrategia de Atención Comunitaria Aragón está funcionando. Sin embargo, es necesario revisar algunos aspectos. Es preciso continuar generando evidencia para poder adecuar y hacer más eficiente este proceso.(AU)

Objective: To analyze the implementation of social prescribing guideline in primary care Aragón. Design: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Location: One hundred twenty-three primary care teams of Aragón. Participants: Social prescribing made with the protocol «Recomendación Activos - AP» of electronic health record of primary care Aragón from September 2018 to March 2021. Main measurements: The most relevant variables of the protocol were described: age, sex, province, health sector, basic health area, health problem, aspect to be enhanced, asset for health recommended, type of professional, degree of assistance, satisfaction and improvement. Results: The protocol was used 2109 times, 1482 recommendations were made and 428 follow-ups were performed. The use of the protocol increased progressively until March 2020. A total of 1431 people received one recommendation and 51 received more than one recommendation. The average age of the beneficiaries was 67.9years. 74.8% of recommendations were addressed to women. Diagnoses related to social and psychological problems were the most frequently recommended, and the physical sphere was the aspect most promoted. Most social prescribing was linked to physical activity and resources for the promotion of personal autonomy. More than 90% of the people regularly attended the activity, the average satisfaction was 4.8 (0/5) and the degree of improvement 4.3 (0/5). Conclusions: The implementation of asset for health recommended within the Aragon community care strategy is working, however, some aspects need to be reviewed. It is necessary to continue generating evidence to be able to adapt and make this process more efficient.(AU)

[Coordination for an affective and sexual diversity approach to monkeypox]. / Coordinación para el abordaje de la viruela del mono con perspectiva de diversidad afectiva y sexual.

In May 2022, the first monkeypox transmission chains were detected outside endemic countries. This outbreak presents clinical and epidemiological characteristics different from those observed in previous outbreaks, with a greater impact among the group of men who have sex with other men. The approach of epidemic outbreaks that requires interventions on communities or populations at risk of stigmatization is a major public health challenge. The independence and professional capacity of scientific societies allow to be take initiatives to provide rapid responses to this type of challenges. Through collaborative work and professional initiative, a document was issued aimed at avoiding stigmatization while promoting the prevention and control measures. For its dissemination, different channels were used counting with key partners. Teamwork, within the participation structures of a scientific society, allows to promote rapid public health actions based on technical recommendations.

[Implementation of a social prescribing protocol in Aragon's primary care teams]. / Implementación de un protocolo de recomendación formal de activos para la salud en los equipos de atención primaria aragoneses.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the implementation of social prescribing guideline in primary care Aragón. DESIGN: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. LOCATION: One hundred twenty-three primary care teams of Aragón. PARTICIPANTS: Social prescribing made with the protocol «Recomendación Activos - AP¼ of electronic health record of primary care Aragón from September 2018 to March 2021. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The most relevant variables of the protocol were described: age, sex, province, health sector, basic health area, health problem, aspect to be enhanced, asset for health recommended, type of professional, degree of assistance, satisfaction and improvement. RESULTS: The protocol was used 2109 times, 1482 recommendations were made and 428 follow-ups were performed. The use of the protocol increased progressively until March 2020. A total of 1431 people received one recommendation and 51 received more than one recommendation. The average age of the beneficiaries was 67.9years. 74.8% of recommendations were addressed to women. Diagnoses related to social and psychological problems were the most frequently recommended, and the physical sphere was the aspect most promoted. Most social prescribing was linked to physical activity and resources for the promotion of personal autonomy. More than 90% of the people regularly attended the activity, the average satisfaction was 4.8 (0/5) and the degree of improvement 4.3 (0/5). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of asset for health recommended within the Aragon community care strategy is working, however, some aspects need to be reviewed. It is necessary to continue generating evidence to be able to adapt and make this process more efficient.

Nursing students' care of and attitudes towards lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and intersex people in times of COVID-19 in Spain: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to measure the knowledge and attitudes of Catalan nursing students regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and intersex (LGBTI) patients, as well as their perception of specific training in this area, according to their internship modalities, sociodemographic circumstances, and academic background during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Spanish Government created the "Health-Aid" internship: A paid alternative to curricular internships. There is extensive evidence that paid work environments perpetuate negative attitudes towards LGBTI patients. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey aimed at Catalan nursing students. The "Attitudes Towards and Knowledge About Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Patients" questionnaire was adapted. A descriptive study and backward regression models were constructed. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-seven students, mean age 23.80 years (SD: 5.17) participated; 85% women and 54 (16%) completing the Health Aid internship modality. More than 50% did not attend specific training on the care of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and intersex population. Differences between internship modalities showed higher values in the curricular internship group: Attitudes (U = 6526.50, p = .031) and training perception (U = 5926.50, p = .008). CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students' attitudes towards lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and intersex patients and their perception of specific training on care for this population were negatively influenced by the paid Health Aid internship during the pandemic. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Even under dire circumstances, clinical training must be properly managed to address the specific health needs of vulnerable populations, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and intersex patients. Paid internships in emergency scenarios may impede these objectives.

Gaps in sexual health research about women who have sex with women. A scoping review / Lagunas en la investigación sobre salud sexual en mujeres que tienen sexo con mujeres. Una revisión sistemática exploratoria

Objective: To know the characteristics of the studies that have paid attention to women who have sex with women (WSW) and to identify possible gaps in the interest of comprehensive sexual health in WSW. Method: A scoping review on sexual health on WSW was conducted from 2000 to 2019. Papers with lack of focus on sexual health on WSW were excluded and a web tool was used to guarantee blindness. Information was extracted on the key characteristics of the studies and the quality of the evidence. The sexual health categories were comprehensive sexual health, specification of sexual practices in WSW, and recommendations provided. Results: 39 studies were included, mostly cross-sectional. The gaps identified were the lack of evidence on sexual health, confusion about sexual orientation and sexual practices, lack of specific interest in comprehensive sexual health and the life cycle approach. Recommendations focused on WSW self-care; interventions aimed at clinical practice, research, education and prevention; and contributions of a feminist approach on sexual health of WSW. Conclusions: There are several gaps about in the knowledge about sexual health among WSW. Self-care improvement and specific strategies addressed to the unique characteristics of these women and their different and specific situation and health determinants are highlighted. (AU)

Objetivo: Conocer las características de los estudios centrados en mujeres que tienen sexo con mujeres (MSM) e identificar posibles lagunas en el interés sobre la salud sexual integral de las MSM. Método: Revisión sistemática exploratoria sobre salud sexual en MSM entre los años 2000 y 2019. Se excluyeron los estudios no centrados en salud sexual de MSM y se utilizó una herramienta web para asegurar el enmascaramiento. Se extrajo información sobre las características de los estudios y la calidad de la evidencia. Las categorías de análisis fueron: salud sexual integral, especificidad de prácticas sexuales en MSM y recomendaciones aportadas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 39 estudios, la mayoría transversales. Las lagunas identificadas fueron la falta de evidencia en salud sexual, la confusión entre orientación sexual y prácticas sexuales, la falta de interés específico en salud sexual integral y el enfoque de ciclo vital. Las recomendaciones se centraron en autocuidados de las MSM; intervenciones enfocadas a la práctica clínica, investigación, educación y prevención; y contribuciones desde un enfoque feminista sobre la salud sexual de las MSM. Conclusiones: Existen varias lagunas de conocimiento en la salud sexual de las MSM. Se destaca la necesidad de intervenir en la mejora del autocuidado y también de incluir estrategias específicas dirigidas a las características de estas mujeres, de acuerdo con sus realidades. (AU)

Psychometric properties and cultural adaptation of "LifeConScale" -Life Conditions Scale for Adolescents.

Promoting the adoption of healthy habits represents a great challenge for health and education professionals. In this sense, childhood and adolescence are propitious times for the acquisition and consolidation of behaviors and skills, being that numerous and different determinants act in the genesis of behavior. The purpose of this study was to test the Psychometric properties and cultural adaptation of "LifeConScale" -Life Conditions Scale for Adolescents-. A cross-sectional and multicenter study was carried out in a representative sample of adolescents enrolled in 1st and 2nd year of Compulsory Secondary Education in 18 educational centers in Aragon, during the 2018-2019 school year. Sociodemographic characteristics, life skills, daily habits, and academic performance were analyzed using an adapted questionnaire from different scales and previous studies. For the adaptation of the questionnaire, the expert panel technique was used and for its validation, exploratory factor analysis was carried out and Cronbach's Alpha was applied, assessing the global internal consistency and of each one of the factors. The instrument showed a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample size adequacy of 0.8122. A 6-dimensional model was chosen that explained 75.25% of the variance. The goodness of fit obtained a value of 0.802 in the Nomed Fix Index. The Comparative Fit Index was 0.891. The result of the analysis of variances and covariances carried out according to the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual yielded a value of 0.093 The analysis showed excellent application conditions in the study population and construct validity. This instrument will be useful for the evaluation of educational programs that work to promote health in educational centers, such as Health Promoting Schools.

The Nurse's Role in Educating Pediatric Patients on Correct Inhaler Technique: An Interventional Study.

The prevalence of pediatric respiratory diseases in Spain is 23%. Inhalation is the preferred route of administration but there are frequent errors in the performance of the inhalation technique leading a poor control of the disease. The aim of this research was to detect errors in the execution of the inhalation technique at a Pediatric Pulmonology Unit in a hospital of Aragón (Spain). In order to improve the administration of inhaled medication, an educational intervention for 1 year by nursing was conducted. This interventional study, including children aged 1 to 15 years with an inhalation therapy and who attended the Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, was conducted between September 2017 and September 2018. Logistic Regression models were conducted in SPSS. This study involved 393 children (61.1% boys). Before the intervention, 39.4% achieved a correct inhalation technique increasing up to 62.1% after the intervention. Those who had their first visit to the Unit, young children and girls had a higher risk of incorrect performance than those with subsequent visits, older children, and boys, respectively. The most common errors in the inhalation technique were not performing adequate apnoea after inhaling and not rinsing the mouth at the end of the procedure. The education given by nurses to pediatric patients improved the inhalation technique, achieving better control of the disease and use of the health system.

A comparative study of life skills, lifestyle habits and academic performance in health promoting and non-health promoting schools in the Autonomous Community of Aragon, Spain.

Background: There is insufficient evidence about the impact of health promoting schools on the student's health and academic performance. The aim of this study was to compare the life skills, lifestyle habits and academic performance of 7th and 8th grade students registered in health promoting and non-health promoting schools in the Autonomous Community of Aragon. Methods: An observational, descriptive, comparative study of the life skills, lifestyle habits and academic performance of 7th and 8th grade students registered in 43 randomly selected health promoting and non-health promoting schools was carried out. We used an adapted tool, which was validated through the expert panel technique, to evaluate the students' life skills (self-efficacy, social skills and affect balance), lifestyle habits (diet, sleep, physical exercise, use of screen and substance abuse) and academic performance. Results: The socioeconomic level of the mothers and fathers of the students who attended non-health promoting schools was significantly higher than that of the parents of the adolescents who attended health promoting schools (p < 0.001). The students who attended non-health promoting schools had better self-efficacy, led a healthier life generally and achieved better academic results (p = 0.03). Conclusions: As opposed to previous studies, which found a positive association between health promoting schools and life skills, lifestyle habits and academic performance, our findings suggest that the impact of these health programs on the students' health and academic performance is limited. We recommend that the degree of implementation of health promotion programs in health promoting schools is systematically evaluated, and the health promoting school accreditation process and requirements reviewed, in order to ensure that the health of school children and adolescents is safeguarded and promoted in the short, medium and long term.

Gaps in sexual health research about women who have sex with women. A scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To know the characteristics of the studies that have paid attention to women who have sex with women (WSW) and to identify possible gaps in the interest of comprehensive sexual health in WSW. METHOD: A scoping review on sexual health on WSW was conducted from 2000 to 2019. Papers with lack of focus on sexual health on WSW were excluded and a web tool was used to guarantee blindness. Information was extracted on the key characteristics of the studies and the quality of the evidence. The sexual health categories were comprehensive sexual health, specification of sexual practices in WSW, and recommendations provided. RESULTS: 39 studies were included, mostly cross-sectional. The gaps identified were the lack of evidence on sexual health, confusion about sexual orientation and sexual practices, lack of specific interest in comprehensive sexual health and the life cycle approach. Recommendations focused on WSW self-care; interventions aimed at clinical practice, research, education and prevention; and contributions of a feminist approach on sexual health of WSW. CONCLUSIONS: There are several gaps about in the knowledge about sexual health among WSW. Self-care improvement and specific strategies addressed to the unique characteristics of these women and their different and specific situation and health determinants are highlighted.